Misconception #1: Security Guards Have the Same Powers as Police
One of the most widespread myths is that security guards have the same legal authority as police officers. This is not the case.
Clarifying Legal Authority Under Ontario Law
Licensed security guards in Ontario operate under the Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005 (PSISA). Unlike police officers, who have broad authority under the Criminal Code of Canada, security guards have very limited legal powers.
Differences in Arrest Powers and Use of Force
While a licensed guard can make a citizen’s arrest under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, this power is the same as any other civilian. Guards are not allowed to use excessive force and are required to contact police immediately after detaining someone.
Primary Role: Observe, Deter, and Report
Security guards are not enforcement officers. Their job is to observe and report suspicious activities, deter unlawful behaviour, and assist in emergencies—not enforce the law.
Misconception #2: Anyone Can Become a Security Guard Without Training
A common misconception is that security guard positions in Ontario are entry-level jobs that require no formal education or preparation. In reality, becoming a licensed security guard in Ontario involves a structured and regulated process overseen by the provincial government.
Mandatory 40-Hour Ministry-Approved Training
To be eligible for a security guard licence, all applicants in Ontario must complete a 40-hour training program approved by the Ministry of the Solicitor General. This course can be taken in person or online through recognized training providers. It covers essential topics that prepare individuals for the demands and responsibilities of the job.
Requirement to Pass the Ontario Security Guard Exam
After completing the mandatory training, individuals must pass the Ontario security guard exam—a standardized test administered by the province. The exam evaluates knowledge of relevant laws, emergency procedures, ethical conduct, and communication skills. A passing grade is required before applying for a licence.
Education in Legal Rights, Emergency Response, and De-escalation
The training program isn’t just about checking boxes—it equips future guards with vital knowledge and practical skills. Key learning areas include:
- Understanding legal authorities and limitations
- Recognizing and responding to emergencies
- Conflict resolution and de-escalation techniques
- Report writing and professional communication
Misconception #3: Security Guards Don’t Need a Licence If They Work on Private Property
Licensing Is Mandatory Regardless of Location or Employer
In Ontario, any individual performing security-related duties—such as guarding persons or property, loss prevention, or access control—must hold a valid security guard licence issued by the Ministry of the Solicitor General. This applies whether they’re patrolling public spaces, private businesses, or residential properties.
The Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005 (PSISA) makes no exemption for location. If you’re acting in a security role for compensation, licensing is legally required.
Exceptions Are Extremely Limited and Regulated
There are very narrow exceptions—such as in-house security staff who are employed directly by an organization (not a third-party security company) and work exclusively on its premises. Even then, if their duties fall within the legal definition of “security services,” they may still require licensing.
Before assuming an exemption applies, it’s critical to consult legal guidelines or contact the Ministry of the Solicitor General for clarification.
Consequences of Hiring or Working Without a Valid Licence
Operating without a valid licence carries serious legal consequences:
- For the security guard: Fines, licence suspension, or prosecution
- For the employer: Penalties, public complaints, and possible shutdowns
Misconception #4: Security Guards Can’t Do Anything If a Crime Happens
- Legal ability to perform a citizen’s arrest under specific circumstances
- Role in securing the scene, contacting police, writing reports
- Their responsibility is to act within legal limits to protect people and property
Some people wrongly believe that security guards are powerless in the face of criminal activity—that they must stand by and wait for police. While guards are not law enforcement officers, they do have legal responsibilities and authority in certain situations.
Legal Ability to Perform a Citizen’s Arrest Under Specific Circumstances
Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, licensed security guards—like any citizen—have the legal right to perform a citizen’s arrest if they witness someone committing a criminal offence on or in relation to the property they are protecting.
However, this power must be used cautiously and within the limits of the law. Guards are expected to use reasonable judgment and avoid escalating situations unnecessarily. The priority is safety and evidence preservation.
Role in Securing the Scene, Contacting Police, Writing Reports
While awaiting police response, a security guard plays a critical role:
- Securing the area to prevent further harm or interference
- Notifying law enforcement promptly
- Documenting events thoroughly for legal or insurance purposes
Guards are trained to observe, assess risk, and record critical details—actions that are often essential for successful prosecution and risk management.
Acting Within Legal Limits to Protect People and Property
A licensed security guard’s job is to deter threats, minimize harm, and protect property without exceeding their authority. By staying within legal boundaries and working cooperatively with law enforcement, guards support public safety in a lawful and effective manner.
Misconception #5: Security Guard Work Is Low-Skill or Unprofessional
Licensed Guards Must Meet Professional Standards
To become a licensed security guard in Ontario, individuals must:
- Complete 40 hours of Ministry-approved training
- Pass the Ontario security guard licensing exam
- Undergo a criminal background check
Guards are also expected to adhere to a strict Code of Conduct and maintain a high level of professionalism while on duty.
Skill Set Includes Situational Awareness, Communication, and Legal Knowledge
Modern security guards are equipped with a wide range of skills, including:
- Situational awareness to detect potential threats
- Strong communication abilities to de-escalate conflict and interact with the public
- Knowledge of relevant laws, including the Criminal Code and the PSISA
These skills allow guards to perform their duties effectively and make sound decisions under pressure.
Often Act as First Responders in Emergencies
Security guards are frequently the first people on the scene during medical emergencies, fires, break-ins, or violent incidents. Many are trained in:
- First aid and CPR
- Emergency evacuation procedures
- Crisis intervention
Their prompt actions can make a life-saving difference and provide critical support until emergency services arrive.
Misconception #6: All Security Guard Licences Are the Same
Security Guard vs. Private Investigator Licences
Ontario issues separate licences for:
- Security Guards, who focus on the protection of people, property, and premises
- Private Investigators, who conduct surveillance, gather information, and investigate incidents
You cannot legally perform duties as a private investigator with a security guard licence, and vice versa. Some professionals hold dual licences, but each role has distinct responsibilities and legal limitations.
Variations in Roles within the Security Guard Licence
Even among licensed security guards, job functions vary widely. Some of the common roles include:
- Mobile Patrol Officers – responsible for monitoring multiple sites, often by vehicle
- Loss Prevention Agents – work in retail environments to prevent theft
- Concierge Security – provide front-desk services in residential or commercial buildings
- Event Security – monitor crowds and enforce safety protocols during public gatherings
Each of these roles may require additional training or experience, depending on the site and client expectations.
Licensing Categories and What They Authorize
While the standard security guard licence authorizes you to perform basic duties (such as access control, patrolling, and responding to incidents), the scope of employment may vary depending on:
- The type of employer (e.g., a licensed agency or direct hire)
- Additional endorsements or certifications (e.g., use of force, handcuff training, first aid)
Understanding the scope and limitations of a licence is essential for guards, employers, and clients alike.
How to Confirm a Security Guard’s Licence in Ontario
Verifying a security guard’s licence is essential for employers, clients, and the public to ensure compliance with Ontario’s regulations. The ServiceOntario online registry provides a straightforward method to confirm the validity of a security guard’s licence.
Use the ServiceOntario Online Registry
The ServiceOntario public registry allows users to verify the status of individual security guards and private investigators. By entering the individual’s name or licence number, you can confirm:
- Licence status (e.g., valid, expired, suspended)
- Licence class (Security Guard or Private Investigator)
- Licence expiry date
- Licence number
This tool is accessible to employers, clients, and the general public, promoting transparency and compliance within the security industry.
Information Available to Employers and the Public
The registry provides essential details to help stakeholders make informed decisions:
- Licence Status: Indicates whether the licence is active, expired, or suspended.
- Licence Class: Specifies if the individual is licensed as a Security Guard or Private Investigator.
- Expiry Date: Shows when the current licence is set to expire.
- Licence Number: Unique identifier for the licence holder.
Employers can use this information to ensure they are hiring properly licensed personnel, while clients can verify the credentials of individuals providing security services.
Red Flags to Watch for When Verifying a Guard’s Status
When using the registry, be alert for the following warning signs:
- No Record Found: If the individual’s name or licence number does not appear, they may be unlicensed.
- Expired Licence: An expired licence indicates the individual is not currently authorized to work as a security guard.
- Suspended or Revoked Status: This suggests disciplinary action has been taken, and the individual is not permitted to operate in a security capacity.
Hiring or employing unlicensed security personnel is a violation of the Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005 (PSISA) and can result in legal penalties for both the employer and the individual.
